Legionella & PFAS in Drinking Water
Drinking water is considered safe in Germany; however, Legionella and PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) can contaminate the water. Both pose health risks, making it crucial to understand the level of contamination and to test when required.
What are Legionella?
Legionella are bacteria that proliferate particularly in hot water systems, boiler installations, or showers. Infections typically occur through the inhalation of water droplets, especially in showers, whirlpools, or misting systems. (BWT.de)
Risks and Symptoms
Pontiac Fever: mild, flu-like
Legionnaires' Disease: severe pneumonia
Vulnerable groups include the elderly, smokers, and individuals with compromised immune systems. (RKI.de)
PFAS in Drinking Water
PFAS are synthetic chemicals that accumulate in the environment and the body. They are found in industrial products, packaging, and firefighting foam.
Health Risks
Liver damage
Hormonal changes
Increased cancer risk
Experts therefore recommend having water from contaminated sources tested. (LeMonde.fr)
Drinking Water Limit Values
Legionella: technical action value 100 CFU/100 ml water. Exceeding this value necessitates immediate measures such as disinfection or pipe cleaning.
PFAS: Limit values in Germany and the EU are very strictly monitored, as even small quantities can pose health risks.
Drinking Water Test
Legionella Test: Mandatory for central hot water systems, public buildings, or hot water storage tanks >400 liters.
PFAS Test: Recommended for well water, proximity to industrial areas, or airports.
Tests are conducted by certified laboratories, e.g., Eurofins Water Analytics. Both bacteria and chemical substances are analyzed there.
Prevention
Legionella:
Hot water >60 °C
Flush pipes regularly
Avoid stagnant water
PFAS:
Utilize water filters with PFAS specifications
Assess sources in proximity to industrial areas or airports
Furthermore, drinking water systems should undergo regular maintenance to minimize risks.
FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
What are the symptoms of Legionella infection?
Cough, fever, shortness of breath, muscle pain.
When should you test your drinking water?
For central hot water systems, public buildings, or if chemical contamination is suspected.
Can PFAS be removed from drinking water?
Yes, for example, using activated carbon filters or reverse osmosis systems.
Are children particularly at risk?
Yes, children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable to Legionella.
Conclusion
Legionella and PFAS in drinking water represent significant health risks. Therefore, drinking water tests are advisable and legally mandated if limit values could be exceeded. Preventive measures ensure safe drinking water and protect your health.