{"id":5090,"date":"2026-11-13T06:54:33","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T06:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/?p=5090"},"modified":"2026-11-13T06:55:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T06:55:35","slug":"bestimmung-des-freien-alkalis-in-waschmitteln-und-seifen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/en\/2026\/11\/13\/bestimmung-des-freien-alkalis-in-waschmitteln-und-seifen\/","title":{"rendered":"Determination of free alkali in detergents and soaps"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Determination of the free alkali in detergents and soaps: ISO 456, ISO 4314 and the foundation stone of quality control<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The chemical basis for soap production is that fatty acids (triglycerides) with a lye, usually sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), undergo a saponification reaction. Once this reaction is complete, fatty acid salts (soap) and glycerol are formed. However, due to factors such as dosing the amount of alkali in the production process, the degree of complete saponification and the purity of raw materials, a certain amount of unreacted alkali can remain in the product.<\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">This residue is considered <strong>Free alkali<\/strong> designated, and the <strong>Determination of the free alkali<\/strong> in <a href=\"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/en\/service\/waschmittel-und-seife-analysen\/\">Detergents and soaps<\/a> is an important analytical parameter for the safety and quality of the product.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Free alkali increases the pH of the soap and can lead to dryness, irritation and eczema-like skin reactions. In addition, it damages the textile fibers during the washing process and thus leads to color fading and material wear. For this reason, international standards for different product types set permissible maximum values for the content of free alkalinity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><!-- H2-&#220;berschrift --><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">What is free alkali and why does it need to be controlled?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Free alkali occurs in two different chemical forms, and this distinction directly determines the design of the analysis method:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Free Etchalkali:<\/strong> These are alkalis that have not yet received a reaction and are in the form of hydroxides (NaOH or KOH). This is the most reactive and irritating form.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Free alkalinity:<\/strong> In addition to the etch alkalis, the free alkalinity also includes alkaline salts such as carbonates (Na\u2082CO\u2083, K\u2082CO\u2083) and bicarbonates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The difference between the two forms must be known. Because while overall alkalinity can be a desired property for the washing power of a product (especially in washing powder, carbonates are used as builders), <strong>is free etching alke<\/strong> Always an indication of a lack of quality. For this reason, standards stipulate that when determining the free alkaline substance, carbonates must be separated analytically.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The main reasons for controlling the free lye content are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Skin compatibility:<\/strong> A high content of free lye impairs the skin barrier, especially with bath soaps and hand cleaners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Fabric protection:<\/strong> Alkaline residues in washing soaps lead to chemical damage to the fibers and wear over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Product stability:<\/strong> An excess of alkali decomposes the oils and fragrances in the recipe and thus shortens the shelf life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Process control:<\/strong> The content of free lye is a direct indicator of the saponification yield and the lye dosage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Compliance with legal requirements:<\/strong> National and international standards set maximum limits depending on the product type.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><!-- H2-&#220;berschrift --><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Norms to Determine Free Alkaline<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The most important standards used as a reference for the determination of free alkalinity in detergents and soaps differ depending on the parameter to be measured (free alkalinity or total alkalinity) and the product type. <strong>ISO 456<\/strong> defines the determination of the free etching acres in soaps; <strong>ISO 4314<\/strong> On the other hand, the determination of free alkalinity or free acidity in surfactants defines using a titrimetric method. <strong>ASTM D820<\/strong> On the other hand, provides a more comprehensive framework for chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents and covers all parameters including free alkalinity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The following table summarizes these standards, their scope and typical limits:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><!-- Tabellenanfang --><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Standard<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Scope and measured parameters<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Summary of the method<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Typical limit values (depending on product type)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ISO 456<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Determination of free alkalinity in soaps (as NaOH or KOH)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Precipitation of the carbonates with barium chloride, then titration with standard HCl (Phenolphthalein indicator)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Toilet soap: usually \u2264 0.1% (as NaOH)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ISO 4314<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Determination of free alkalinity or free acid in surfactants<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dissolution of the sample in a neutralized ethanol-water mixture, titration with standard acid or -base<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Varies depending on product specification<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM D820<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chemical analysis of soaps with synthetic detergents (including free alkalinity)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Production of the sample solution, separate titrimetric determination of the alkalinity components<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Varies depending on soap type and recipe<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ISO 4316<\/strong> (related)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Determination of pH in aqueous solutions of surfactants<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Potentiometric Measurement<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supplementary indicator for determining free alkalinity<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><!-- Ende der Tabelle --><\/span><br>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><!-- H2-&#220;berschrift: NanoTest --><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">GLP compliant services for determining free alkalinity with Nanotest<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Determination of free alkalinity forms the basis for product safety and control of the production process for manufacturers of detergents and soaps. <strong>Nanotest<\/strong> is a reliable solution partner for the cleaning agent industry with its GLP-compliant analysis services in this area.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>NanoTest Service Description<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">NanoTest offers the service for detergents and soap products <strong>Determination of free alkalinity (free alkali determination)<\/strong> on. Our analyzes are carried out in full compliance with ISO 456, ISO 4314 and ASTM D820 standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Advantages of determining the free alkali in Nanotest:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Standard compliance:<\/strong> Complete compliance with ISO 456, ISO 4314 and ASTM D820 standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Accurate chemical separation:<\/strong> By precipitating the carbonates with barium chloride, the costly alkalinity and the total alkalinity are clearly separated from each other.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Accredited infrastructure:<\/strong> Internationally recognized test reports thanks to ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Wide range of products:<\/strong> All product types, including solid soap, liquid soap, washing powder and liquid detergent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"note\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> The determination of free alkalinity alone is not sufficient for the quality control of detergents and soaps. In addition to this analysis, NanoTest also offers other quality parameters such as pH determination, moisture and dry matter determination, total fatty acid content, drug determination and microbiological examinations.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">With its accredited laboratory infrastructure, its specialist staff and its GLP-compliant procedures, NanoTest fully meets the requirements of detergent and soap manufacturers to determine the free alkali. Collaborate with NanoTest to document the safety of your products and optimize your production process.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Determination of the free alkali in detergents and soaps: ISO 456, ISO 4314 and the foundation stone of quality control The chemical basis for soap production is that fatty acids (triglycerides) with a lye, usually sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium hydroxide (KOH) undergo a saponification reaction. Once this reaction is complete, fatty acid salts (soap) and glycerol are formed. Due to factors such as the \u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/en\/2026\/11\/13\/bestimmung-des-freien-alkalis-in-waschmitteln-und-seifen\/\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Continue reading &amp;lt;span class=\" screen-reader-text>Bestimmung des freien Alkalis in Waschmitteln und Seifen\u201c&gt;Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Determination of free alkali in detergents and soaps<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kozmetik-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bestimmung des freien Alkalis in Waschmitteln und Seifen | Nano-Test\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta 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