{"id":4391,"date":"2026-08-10T10:19:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T10:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2026-08-10T10:24:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T10:24:26","slug":"mosh-moah-bestimmung-von-mineraloel-kohlenwasserstoffen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nano-test.de\/en\/2026\/08\/10\/mosh-moah-bestimmung-von-mineraloel-kohlenwasserstoffen\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosh\/moah | Determination of mineral oil hydrocarbons"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Introduction: The regulatory importance of mineral oil hydrocarbons<\/span><\/h2>

Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffe (Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons \u2013 MOH) geh\u00f6ren zu den wichtigsten Gruppen chemischer Kontaminanten, die in Verpackungsmaterialien mit Lebensmittelkontakt vorkommen, insbesondere in Verpackungen auf Basis von recyceltem Papier und Karton. MOH lassen sich haupts\u00e4chlich in zwei Hauptfraktionen unterteilen: MOSH (Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons \u2013 ges\u00e4ttigte Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffe) und MOAH (Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons \u2013 aromatische Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffe). Die Europ\u00e4ische Beh\u00f6rde f\u00fcr Lebensmittelsicherheit (EFSA<\/a>) hat wissenschaftlich nachgewiesen, dass sich MOSH in Leber und Milz anreichern und zu chronischer Toxizit\u00e4t f\u00fchren k\u00f6nnen; die MOAH-Fraktion hingegen birgt insbesondere bei ihren 3- bis 7-ringigen aromatischen Bestandteilen ein genotoxisches und karzinogenes Potenzial. Im Rahmen der Verpackungsverordnung der Europ\u00e4ischen Union (PPWR) werden die Kontrollen hinsichtlich der MOH-Kontamination in Verpackungen, die mit Lebensmitteln in Kontakt kommen, weiter versch\u00e4rft, und den Herstellern werden diesbez\u00fcglich klare Verpflichtungen auferlegt. Nano-Test Labor Services f\u00fchrt MOSH- und MOAH-Analysen unter Einhaltung der GLP-Grunds\u00e4tze mit der international anerkannten LC-GC-FID-Technik durch und liefert unseren Kunden zuverl\u00e4ssige quantitative Daten sowie eine Bewertung der Einhaltung gesetzlicher Vorschriften.<\/span><\/p>

Chemical definition and toxicological profile of MOSH and MOAH<\/span><\/h2>

Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons are a complex mixture of numerous hydrocarbon compounds that occurs when refining crude oil. Depending on the chemical structure and toxicological properties, they are divided into two main fractions. The following table compares the chemical definition, the toxicological profiles and the typical sources in the packaging of the MOSH and MOAH fractions:<\/span><\/p>
Property<\/span><\/th>MOSH (saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons)<\/span><\/th>MOAH (aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons)<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Chemical structure<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Straight-chain (N-alkanes), branched (isoalkanes) and cyclic (cycloalkanes) saturated hydrocarbons<\/span><\/td>Hydrocarbons containing one or more aromatic rings; Highly alkylated benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic compounds<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Carbon number range<\/strong><\/span><\/td>C10 \u2013 C50 (Analysis range typically C10\u2013C35 or C10\u2013C50)<\/span><\/td>C10 \u2013 C50 (Analysis range typically C10\u2013C35 or C10\u2013C50)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Toxicological concerns<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Enrichment in the liver and spleen (granuloma formation), chronic inflammation; classified by EFSA as a \u201cpotential risk to human health\u201d.<\/span><\/td>3-7-ring aromatic compounds can bind to the DNA;<\/span>
Potential for genotoxic carcinogenicity; classified by EFSA as a \u201chigh-priority health risk\u201d<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Typical source in packaging<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Recycled paper\/cardboard (newspaper inks), mineral oil-based process chemicals used in the production of fresh paper, printing inks, adhesives, wax coatings, jute and sisal fiber batch oils<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Regulatory Framework and Applicable Limits<\/span><\/h2>

Although no legally binding specific migration limit (SML) has been established at European Union level, there are recommended thresholds and surveillance recommendations published by various Member States and EFSA. The PPWR aims to close this regulatory gap and provides for stricter control of the occurrence of mineral oil hydrocarbons in packaging materials.<\/span><\/p>

Current Recommended Limits<\/span><\/h3>

The following table summarizes the current limits recommended by various regulators and interest groups for MOSH and MOAH:<\/span><\/p>
Parameter<\/span><\/th>Reference \/ Source<\/span><\/th>Limit (mg\/kg food or simulans)<\/span><\/th>Scope \/ Explanation<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
MOAH (C10-C35)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Federal Law on Food and Feed (LFGB) \/ 22nd Amendment Ordinance<\/span><\/td>0.5 (not verifiable)<\/span><\/td>Binding national limit for paper and cardboard that comes into contact with food<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
MOAH (C10-C25)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>German LFGB \/ 22nd Amendment Ordinance<\/span><\/td>0.15 (not verifiable)<\/span><\/td>Additional limit specifically for the more volatile low molecular weight MOAH fraction<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
MOSH (C10\u2013C16)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Technical Report of EFSA \/ JRC (2019)<\/span><\/td>12<\/span><\/td>Recommended low viscosity mosh fraction threshold and high migration potential<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
MOSH (C16-C35)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Technical Report of EFSA \/ JRC (2019)<\/span><\/td>Recommendation for monitoring and minimization<\/span><\/td>Mosh fraction with high molecular weight; Reduction of exposure is recommended due to the potential for accumulation in the body<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Moah (all factions)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>FoodDrinkEurope-Leitfaden f\u00fcr Verpackungen<\/a><\/span><\/td>0.5 (to detection limit)<\/span><\/td>Limit value voluntarily adopted by industry; An undetectable level is sought<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Note: The above limits apply to materials that come into contact with food; The total concentration limits for the packaging itself may differ. With the entry into force of the PPWR, the setting of harmonized, binding limit values at EU level is expected. Nano-Test continuously follows developments in legislation and proactively informs its customers.<\/em><\/span><\/p>

MOSH\/MOAH analysis methodology in the Nano Test Laboratory<\/span><\/h2>

MOSH and MOAH analyzes are an analytical process that requires a high degree of technical expertise and requires reliable separation and quantitative determination of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. In the nano-test laboratory, this analysis is carried out using the internationally recognized reference method LC-GC-FID (liquid chromatography - gas chromatography - flame ionization detector).<\/span><\/p>

LC-GC-FID system: analytical principle and workflow<\/span><\/h3>

The LC-GC-FID technique is a fully automated and highly precise analysis platform in which the MOSH and MOAH fractions are first separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and then analyzed each fraction by gas chromatography (GC) and Flame ionization detector (FID) is quantitatively determined. This procedure was validated in accordance with DIN EN 16995:2017.<\/span>
The following table describes the individual steps of the MOSH\/MOAH analysis in the Nano Test Laboratory in detail:<\/span><\/p>
Step<\/span><\/th>Process<\/span><\/th>Technical Details<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1. Sample preparation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Extraction<\/span><\/td>The packaging sample or migration simulant is extracted with a suitable organic solvent (hexane or ethanol\/hexane mixture). Appropriate internal standards (e.g. 5-\u03b1-cholan, periles) are added to monitor the extraction yield and to correct matrix effects.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
2. LC fractionation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Separation of Mosh and Moah<\/span><\/td>The extract obtained is injected into a normal phase LC column.<\/span>
The silica gel column allows the MOSH fraction (saturated hydrocarbons) to pass, but retains the MOAH fraction (aromatic compounds) in the column. Subsequently, the MOAH fraction is eluted from the column by changing the composition of the mobile phase and transferred to the GC system.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
3. GC FID Analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Quantitative Determination<\/span><\/td>The MOSH and MOAH fractions originating from the LC are transferred separately into the GC column. With the help of a temperature program, the hydrocarbons are separated according to their carbon number. With the FID detector, all hydrocarbons are measured quantitatively. The MOSH and MOAH amounts are calculated in relation to the peak areas of the internal standards.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
4. Data evaluation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Group Integration and Reporting<\/span><\/td>In the chromatograms, the characteristic \"humps\" (insoluble complex mixture - UCM) of the MOSH and MOAH fractions as well as the sharp n-alkane peaks above are integrated. The results are divided into various carbon number fractions (e.g. C10-C16, C16-C25, C25-C35) and given in mg\/kg.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Quality control and method validation<\/span><\/h3>

The reliability of the MOSH\/MOAH analyzes in the nano test laboratory is guaranteed by a comprehensive quality control protocol. The following table summarizes the most important quality control parameters that are applied during the analysis process:<\/span><\/p>
Quality Control Parameters<\/span><\/th>Application<\/span><\/th>Acceptance criterion<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Blind sample<\/strong><\/span><\/td>At least 1 per analysis series<\/span><\/td>Mosh and moah &lt; loq; Laboratory Contamination Monitoring<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Recovery Rate of Internal Standard<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Is added to each sample (e.g. 5-\u03b1-cholestan, periles)<\/span><\/td>70-120% for the MOSH internal standard; For the MOAH internal standard 50-120%<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Control standard (mineral oil mixture)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>At least 1 in each analytical series<\/span><\/td>Within \u00b120 % of Expected Concentration<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Duplicate analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/td>1 of 10 samples each<\/span><\/td>Relative percentage deviation (RPD) \u2264 30%<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Certified Reference Material (CRM)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>If available, in every series<\/span><\/td>Within \u00b125% of the certificate value<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The integrated service approach of Nano-Test in MOSH\/MOAH analyses<\/span><\/h2>

As a Nano-Test Labor Services, we do not offer MOSH and MOAH analyzes as individual tests, but as an integral part of the PPWR and food safety conformity process. Our service model consists of the following components:<\/span><\/p>
Service Component<\/span><\/th>Scope<\/span><\/th>Benefits for the customer<\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Regulatory consulting<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Determination of which fractions (C10-C16, C16-C25, C25-C35) need to be analyzed<\/span><\/td>Cost optimization through the right test strategy; Avoidance of missing or unnecessary analyses<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
LC GC FID Analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Quantitative MOSH and MOAH determination with a fully validated LC-GC-FID system for the quantitative determination of MOSH and MOAH<\/span><\/td>Reliable and traceable results with the reference method recognized by the supervisory authorities<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Group-based reporting<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Breakdown and detailed presentation of results by different carbon number fractions (C10-C16, C16-C25, C25-C35)<\/span><\/td>Easier identification of the source of contamination (fresh fibers, recycled components, specific process chemicals)<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Conformity assessment<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Preparation of a declaration of conformity or non-conformity by comparing the results with the applicable national limit values (e.g. German LFGB) and the industry recommendations and the submission of a declaration of conformity or non-conformity<\/span><\/td>A clear and binding assessment of the legal status of the product<\/span><\/td><\/tr>
Technical documentation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Comprehensive, GLP-compliant analysis report and declaration of conformity (DOC)<\/span><\/td>Complete documentation for official applications and customer audits<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Especially for manufacturers who use recycled paper and cardboard packaging, MOSH\/MOAH contamination is one of the most critical aspects of supply chain management. As a nano test, we not only provide analytical data, but also offer our customers technical advice on the root cause analysis for detected contaminants, supplier evaluation and functional barrier solutions.<\/span><\/p>

Um die MOSH\/MOAH-Konformit\u00e4t Ihrer Verpackungen, die Sie auf den europ\u00e4ischen Markt exportieren, im Rahmen der PPWR und der entsprechenden Vorschriften sicherzustellen und Ihre Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoff-Analysen<\/a> mit einem zuverl\u00e4ssigen und erfahrenen Partner durchzuf\u00fchren, k\u00f6nnen Sie sich an unser Expertenteam wenden, um detaillierte Informationen \u00fcber die akkreditierten Labordienstleistungen und die technische Beratung von Nano-Test zu erhalten.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Einleitung: Die regulatorische Bedeutung von Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffen Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffe (Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons \u2013 MOH) geh\u00f6ren zu den wichtigsten Gruppen chemischer Kontaminanten, die in Verpackungsmaterialien mit Lebensmittelkontakt vorkommen, insbesondere in Verpackungen auf Basis von recyceltem Papier und Karton. MOH lassen sich haupts\u00e4chlich in zwei Hauptfraktionen unterteilen: MOSH (Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons \u2013 ges\u00e4ttigte Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffe) und MOAH (Mineral Oil \u2026 MOSH\/MOAH | Bestimmung von Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffen\u201c>Continue reading Mosh\/moah | Determination of mineral oil hydrocarbons<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-verpackung-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nMOSH\/MOAH | Bestimmung von Mineral\u00f6l-Kohlenwasserstoffen | Nano-Test\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Im Rahmen des PPWR-Programms f\u00fchren wir bei Nano-Test MOSH- und MOAH-Analysen f\u00fcr Ihre lebensmittelber\u00fchrenden Verpackungen durch und 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